Balinese social structure is characterized by a caste system that, while not as rigidly followed as in the past, still holds relevance in certain aspects of contemporary society. This system comprises four main castes, each with distinct roles and societal positions:

Brahmanas (Priests): This caste is traditionally associated with religious and spiritual leadership. Brahmanas are responsible for performing rituals, ceremonies, and providing guidance on matters of religion and philosophy.

Ksatryas (Warriors and Nobility): The Ksatryas historically held roles in warfare and leadership. While the military aspect has diminished, the nobility associated with this caste is still acknowledged.

Wesyas (Merchants and Officials): The Wesyas caste traditionally includes merchants, landowners, and government officials. Members of this caste are involved in commerce, agriculture, and administration.

Sudras (Commoners): Sudras constitute the common people and are typically engaged in various occupations such as farming, craftsmanship, and other manual labor.

Respect and social considerations are accorded based on one's caste, hierarchical structure has historical roots in the Hindu caste system, adapted to the local context in Bali.

The Balinese language features four politeness levels: low, medium, high, and sacred Bali language. Sudras typically use high Bali language when communicating with Satrias, Brahmans, or Wesyas. Higher caste individuals usually respond in low Bali language, affirming their superiority. Today, only a few Brahmans are familiar with the sacred language, primarily used among themselves and some scholars.

Nowadays, the caste system is used more in religious settings where the members of the lower caste would ask the members of the Brahman caste (the Pedandas) to conduct ceremonies. Since the Dutch colonial years and more recently after the Indonesian independence, the differences in the economic roles of the members of the caste system are slowly eroding.